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Various embodiments may provide an electrical connection structure. The electrical connection structure may include a first substrate having a first surface defining a cavity, and an inner wall defining a via extending from the cavity. The electrical connection structure may also include an interconnect structure provided in the via so that at least a portion of the interconnect structure protrudes into the cavity. The electrical connection structure may further include a second substrate having a second surface facing the first surface. The electrical connection structure may additionally include a connection element on the second surface. At least a portion of the connection element may be received in the cavity so that the connection element is in electrical connection with the interconnect structure.

Embodiments are directed to a method of making an antifouling and bactericidal coating with tailorable surface topology. The method includes depositing a layer of branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) and diamino-functionalized poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) in a mixture of water and organic solvent on a substrate to form a layer of BPEI/PPO. The method includes depositing a layer of glyoxal in a water-containing solution on the layer of BPEI/PPO. The method further includes curing the layer of BPEI/PPO and layer of glyoxal to form a homogenous, glyoxal crosslinked BPEI/PPO coating, where the curing induces local precipitation and alteration of the glyoxal crosslinked BPEI/PPO coating to provide a textured surface.

The present invention refers to a graded barrier film comprising a layered structure, wherein the layered structure comprises a first layer consisting of metal oxide; an intermediate layer consisting of metal nitride or metal oxynitride which is arranged on the first layer; and a third layer consisting of a metal oxide which is arranged on the intermediate layer. The present invention further refers to a sputtering method for manufacturing this graded barrier film and a device encapsulated with this graded barrier film.

Techniques regarding ionene compositions with antimicrobial functionality are provided. For example, one or more embodiments can comprise a monomer, which can comprise a single ionene unit. The single ionene unit can comprise a cation distributed along a molecular backbone. Also, a hydrophobic functional group can be covalently bonded to the molecular backbone, and the single ionene unit can have antimicrobial functionality.

According to one or more embodiments, a method of making an antifouling coating includes forming a polythioaminal polymer by reacting a fluorinated primary amine with an aldehyde to form an intermediate imine, and then reacting the intermediate imine with a dithiol. The method further includes depositing the polythioaminal on a substrate, and increasing a temperature of the polythioaminal deposited on the substrate to crosslink the polythioaminal and increase a contact angle of the substrate with crosslinked polythioaminal.

In various embodiments, a wearable non-invasive apparatus for enhancing lower limb venous return of a subject may be provided. The apparatus may include a monitoring device configured to determine a venous state of a subject such as a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor. The apparatus may also include a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) device configured to generate an electrical stimulus in response to the determinedvenous state and concurrently stimulate the triceps surae and the deep posterior calf muscle of the subject with the generated electrical stimulus to enhance lower limb venous return. In an alternative embodiment, electrical stimulation can be at the tibial nerve of the subject to retrograde target the triceps surae and the deep posterior calf muscle of the subject.

There is provided a test strip assembly for detecting the possible presence of at least one analyte in a sample, a device for detecting the possible presence of at least one analyte in a sample comprising the test strip assembly and methods of detecting the possible presence of at least one analyte in a sample using the device.

Affinity purification of platelet-derived growth factor-binding heparan sulphate from porcine mucosa (HS6) is disclosed. Also disclosed is the use of HS6 in repair and regeneration of the skin for treating wounds, burns, ulcers and other skin injuries.

The present invention relates to a method of culturing primitive-like macrophages from stem cells, a kit when used in the method thereof and uses of the primitive like macrophage for in-vitro disease models and for screening compounds for therapy. One embodied culture method comprises contacting and incubating embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells with a serum-free culture media comprising a GSK3 inhibitor to differentiate stem cells into cells of the mesoderm lineage, followed by incubation with a culture media comprising Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) to differentiate the mesoderm into cells of hematopoietic lineage, maturing hematopoietic cells and incubating these cells with a culture media comprising M-CSF to drive differentiation into primitive-like macrophages. Another embodiment comprises incubating the stem cells with serum-free culture media comprising FGF2 and BMP4 to induce differentiation into cells of the mesoderm lineage, followed by incubating the cells with a culture media comprising FGF2, BMP4, Activin A and VEGF to differentiate the cells of the mesoderm lineage into cells of the hematopoietic cell lineage, maturing the cells of the hematopoietic cell lineage and lastly, incubating the matured hematopoietic cells with culture media comprising M-CSF to drive the differentiation of hematopoietic cells into primitive-like macrophages.

Various embodiments may provide a method of forming a semiconductor packaging structure. The method may include forming a plurality of semiconductor packages, each semiconductor package including a semiconductor die and a mold encapsulation structure. The method may also include arranging the plurality of semiconductor packages to form a vertical stacked arrangement with a mold portion including a plurality of mold encapsulation structures, the mold portion extending from a first side to a second side of the vertical stacked arrangement opposite the first side. The method may additionally include forming a first via on the mold portion at the first side of the vertical stacked arrangement, forming a second via on the mold portion at the second side of the vertical stacked arrangement, and forming an electrically conductive filled via extending through the mold portion from the first side to the second side of the vertical stacked arrangement.