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A method for chip on wafer bonding is provided. The method includes the formation of a plurality of posts on at least one of a chip and a wafer, and a like plurality of contacts on the other of the chip and the wafer. After formation, a contact surface of each post is planarized, the respective planarized contact surface having a surface roughness height. A bonding material is then applied to at least one of the chip in a thickness no greater than the surface roughness height of the contact surface. The posts are then temporarily bonded to the contacts using the bonding material to stabilize a position of the chip relative to the wafer for permanent diffusion bonding of the chip to the wafer.

Methods for reduction of aggregate levels in antibody and other protein preparations through treatment with low concentrations of electropositive organic additives (e.g., ethacridine, chlorhexidine, or polyethylenimine) in combination with ureides (e.g., urea, uric acid, or allantoin) or organic modulators (e.g., nonionic organic polymers, surfactants, organic solvent or ureides). Some aspects of the invention relate to methods for reducing the level of aggregates in conjunction with clarification of cell culture harvest. It further relates to the integration of these capabilities with other purification methods to achieve the desired level of final purification.

The present disclosure relates to a sensor for indicating food quality comprising a semi-permeable film layer, the semi-permeable film layer comprising at least one integrally formed well having at least one sensing element disposed therein; wherein the well is sealed by a second film layer, the semi-permeable film layer being impermeable to said sensing element but is permeable to at least one analyte detectable by said sensing element.

A method is proposed for identifying an anatomical structure within a spatial-temporal image (i.e. a series of frames captured as respective times). A current frame of spatial-temporal medical image is processed using information from one or more previous and/or subsequent temporal frames, to aid in the segmentation of an object or a region of interest (ROI) in a current frame. The invention is applicable to both two- and three-dimensional spatial-temporal images (i.e., 2D+time or 3D+time), and in particular to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR images). An initialization process for this method segments the left ventricle (LV) in a CMR image by a fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm which employs a circular shape function as part of the definition of the dissimilarity measure.

According to various embodiments, there is provided an electric meter including a sensor circuit configured to provide a plurality of instantaneous magnetic field measurements; a processing circuit configured to generate a time-series of magnetic field vectors, each magnetic field vector of the time-series of magnetic field vectors including the plurality of instantaneous magnetic field measurements; and a total current determination circuit configured to determine a total current, wherein the total current is a sum of currents of each branch of a plurality of branches of a power distribution network; wherein the processing circuit is further configured to compute a de-mixing matrix based on the determined total current and the time-series of magnetic field vectors, and further configured to linear transform each magnetic field vector using the de-mixing matrix to determine a current of each branch.

There is provided an entity authentication method for a network including a first entity and a second entity, the method including: selecting, at the first entity, one or more pieces of data processed by the first entity to be used for authenticating the second entity; tagging, at the first entity, each of the one or more pieces of data selected with a respective tag generated based on a first secret key of the first entity; sending, from the first entity, a set of authentication data comprising the one or more pieces of data and the respective tags to the second entity; and authenticating, by the first entity, the second entity using a challenge-response authentication technique based on the set of authentication data and the first secret key. There is also provided a corresponding system with entity authentication for a network, and an entity in a network with entity authentication.

A composite is disclosed. The composite comprises a first conjugate of a polymer and a first phenol-containing moiety, and a second conjugate of a gelatin or collagen and a second phenol-containing moiety, wherein the polymer is selected so that the first conjugate is less cell-adhesive than the second conjugate, at least one of the first and second conjugates is crosslinked to form a matrix, and the composite comprises discrete regions that are rich in one of said first and second conjugates. A method of forming such composite is also disclosed. The method comprises mixing precursors for the first and second conjugates in a solution for forming said composite, and dispersing a catalyst in the solution to catalyze crosslinking of at least one of the first and second conjugates to form the matrix. The composite may be used to grow cells.

The present application relates to methods of detecting a mutation in a target nucleic acid molecule. Two phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer probes that differ by at least one base are each covalently coupled to a nano article and hybridized to a target sequence. The melting temperature of the complexes between each of the two probes and the target nucleic acid are measured and compared to determine whether the sample contains a nucleic acid with the mutation. Further, the present invention relates to kits comprising a first and second conjugate as described herein and to the use of such kits for the detection of mutations in a target nucleic acid molecule or for assigning a genotype to a target nucleic acid molecule.

There is provided an optical waveguide structure, including a substrate, an insulating layer disposed on the substrate whereby the insulating layer includes an air slot formed therein, a first material layer suspended over the air slot whereby the first material layer constitutes a waveguide core of the optical waveguide structure, and a second material layer disposed over the waveguide core whereby the waveguide core is suspended over the air slot by the second material layer. There is also provided an optical gas sensor incorporating the optical waveguide structure and methods of fabrication thereof.

There is provided a method of preparing a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) particle comprising the step of encapsulating a plurality of Raman molecules on the surface of a metallic core with a biocompatible protective shell at an elevated temperature selected to decrease the encapsulation time by more than one-fold relative to an encapsulation performed at 20� C.