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A method of preparing a porous carbon material is provided. The method comprises a) freezing a liquid mixture comprising a polymer suspended or dissolved in a solvent to form a frozen mixture; b) removing the solvent from the frozen mixture to form a porous frozen mixture; and c) pyrolyzing the porous frozen mixture to obtain the porous carbon material. A porous carbon material prepared using the method, and uses of the porous carbon material are also provided.

A method of purifying a target protein includes contacting a cell culture harvest or a protein preparation including at least one target protein with at least one fatty acid having 8 to 10 carbon atoms to form a mixture, contacting the mixture with one or more solids to form a mixture, the one or more solids comprise a cationic functional group, a metal binding functional group, or both, the metal binding functional group including a nitrogen-containing moiety selected from (1) a polyamine, (2) an imine, (3) an N-heterocycle, (4) an amino acid, (5) an N-hydroxyamide, (6), an arylamine, and combinations thereof, and separating solid materials after contacting the mixture with the one or more solids to provide a solution comprising the target protein.

A method for dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) image processing and kinetic modeling of an organ's region-of-interest is provided. The method includes deriving at least a contour of an exterior of the organ's region-of-interest from one or more of a plurality of images; generating a spline function in response to the derived contour of the exterior of the organ's region-of-interest from the one or more of the plurality of images; registering the plurality of images wherein the organ's region-of-interest has been segmented; deriving a tracer curve for the organ's region-of-interest in the registered images, the tracer curve indicating a change in concentration of a contrast agent flowing through the organ's region-of-interest over a time period; and kinetic modeling by fitting a kinetic model to the tracer curve to generate one or more maps of tissue physiological parameters associated with the kinetic model.

A heparan sulphate that binds vitronectin is disclosed.

According to embodiments of the present invention, a magnetoresistive device is provided. The magnetoresistive device includes a free magnetic layer structure having a variable magnetization orientation, a fixed magnetic layer structure having a fixed magnetization orientation, and a tilting magnetic layer structure configured to provide an interlayer exchange biasing field to tilt, at equilibrium, the fixed magnetization orientation or the variable magnetization orientation relative to the other to be along a tilting axis that is at least substantially non-parallel to at least one of a first easy axis of the fixed magnetization orientation or a second easy axis of the variable magnetization orientation. According to further embodiments of the present invention, a method of forming a magnetoresistive device is also provided.

The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing an optionally substituted furoic acid by dehydrating a biomass and oxidizing the optionally substituted furan derived from the dehydration reaction. Water extraction has been incorporated as a step between the dehydration and the oxidation in order to purify the intermediate optionally substituted furan before having it oxidized. Prior to this water extraction, the organic solvent used for dehydration may be separated by evaporation. The provision of the water extraction allows impurities to be separated from the intermediate optionally substituted furan.

A method of purifying a target antibody includes contacting a cell culture harvest or a protein preparation including at least one target antibody with at least one fatty acid having 7 to 10 carbon atoms to form a mixture, contacting this mixture with allantoin, and then separating solid materials to provide a solution comprising the target antibody. Solid materials can be removed by filtration, sedimentation or centrifugation, and the fatty acids can be enanthic, caprylic, pelargonic, nonenoic or capric acid. The invention is also directed to kits used to facilitate this method of antibody purification.

A photoacoustic imaging contrast agent composition is provided. The composition comprises a metal carbonyl cluster compound having the general formula (I) M3(CO)xL12-x wherein M at each occurrence denotes a metal selected from Group 6 to Group 11 of the Periodic Table of Elements; x is an integer from 10 to 12; and each L is independently selected from the group consisting of �H and -A-(CH2)n�COO?Y+, wherein A is selected from the group consisting of S, O, C and N; n is an integer from 1 to 10; and Y is any cation. Use of the photoacoustic imaging contrast agent composition in photoacoustic imaging is also provided.

According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided an optical grating comprising a substrate comprising a plurality of protrusions with a space in between any two adjacent protrusions; and a cap provided on at least one of the plurality of protrusions at an end that is furthest from the substrate, wherein the cap has a higher degree of optical attenuation compared to the substrate material and wherein the combination of each protrusion and the respective cap thereon has a generally symmetric cross-sectional profile.

Various aspects of this disclosure provide a bolometer including a substrate and a ring resonator structure over the substrate. The bolometer may also include a silicon oxide layer in thermal contact with the ring resonator structure. The bolometer may further include a first waveguide over the substrate and coupled to the ring resonator structure, the first waveguide configured to couple an infrared light to the ring resonator structure so that the infrared light generates a temperature increase in the silicon oxide layer. The bolometer may additionally include a second waveguide over the substrate and coupled to the ring resonator structure, the second waveguide configured to couple a probe light input to the ring resonator structure so that a probe light output is generated from the probe light input, the probe light output having a change in a characteristic from the probe light input based on the temperature increase.